The Pernicious Influence of the Prize and Medal Giving in Art Robert Henri

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8 x x inches | oil on board

Robert Henri was built-in Robert Henry Cozad to Theresa Gatewood and John Jackson Cozad in Cincinnatti, OH. He was the youngest son in a prominent family and was commencement cousins with American Impressionist Mary Cassatt. In 1883, a murder scandal involving the Cozad male parent forced the Cozads to change their names, relocate and break all ties with their extended family, including Cassatt. Robert Henry Cozad was renamed Robert Earle Henri and was sent to a boarding school in New York, while his parents moved to Atlantic Urban center, NJ.

In a letter of the alphabet of 1885, Henri commencement revealed his interest in fine art to a shut relative. He was enthusiastic about embarking upon a career as an artist and wrote that he wished to simply become a "motion-picture show painter." In October of 1886, he enrolled at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Fine art (PAFA), where he was introduced to Thomas Eakins. Henri became a great admirer of Eakins and was influenced by the innovations that the older artist had introduced to the University, which included the study of the nude, autopsy, and clay modeling from life. By 1897, Henri caused enough educational activity to exhibit his paintings at to the Annual Exhibition of the PAFA.

In the following year, the young artist fulfilled a lifelong dream by traveling to Paris and enrolling at the Academie Julian nether the Bookish painter William-Adolphe Bougereau. During his years as a pupil in Paris, he quickly adopted the Impressionist style and even held private art lessons. In 1892, he briefly returned to Philadelphia where he completed i more yr of study at the PAFA, taught at the Philadelphia School of Design for Women, and established the Charcoal Gild, whose members later became known equally the "Philadelphia 4."

Past 1894, Henri was once again in Paris, where he earned a living equally a individual art teacher. In 1898, he married one of his former students, Linda Craige. Henri's paintings were well received abroad, and in 1899, the French authorities purchased his painting La Neige (The Snow) for the Musee du Luxemborg.

In 1902, Henri accustomed a position at the New York Schoolhouse of Fine art (formerly known as the Chase Schoolhouse of Art, after artist William Merritt Chase). It was here that Henri would establish himself as the pre-eminent art instructor in America at the plough of the century. In his years as an instructor, he taught some of the greatest artists of the younger generation, including Edward Hopper, Stuart Davis, Human Ray, Adolph Gottlieb, Glen Coleman, Rockwell Kent and Yusuo Kuniyoshi among others. He was as well an art instructor to the poet Vachel Lindsay, actor Clifton Webb, writer Ariel Durant and Marxist theorist Leon Trotsky. In 1909, he established his ain school of art, appropriately named the Henri School of Art.

By 1907, Henri became an Academician of the National Academy of Design (NAD). However, Henri left the University in that same yr post-obit a dispute with the selection jury of the NAD Annual Exhibition. In protest to the jury's rejection of several artists within his circumvolve, Henri withdrew both of his paintings from the annual exhibition and formed an alternative, landmark group exhibition, which was held at the Macbeth Gallery in New York City. The group of eight artists whose works were displayed included the Philadelphia Four and several other followers of Henri. In 1934, the artists Robert Henri, Arthur B. Davies, Maurice Prendergast, Ernest Lawson, William Glackens, Everett Shinn, John French Sloan, and George Luks were labeled "The Eight" (also known equally the Ashcan School).

Determined to fulfill his vision for the American art world, Henri organized a jury-free, prize-free exhibition in 1910, which closely resembled the Salon des Independents of Paris. Although aging, Henri embraced modern fine art of the early on 20th century and took part in the planning of the Armory Show of 1913, in which five of his paintings were included. In the years following 1913, Henri went on to teach at the Fine art Students League in New York. After a painful struggle with cancer, he died in 1929 in New York City.

AN Analysis OF THE ARTIST'Southward WORK

In 1934, a writer for the Chicago Daily News stated the following: "Robert Henri might have adult into America's greatest painter had he not chosen to get America's greatest art teacher." While for many, Henri volition forever be remembered equally a instructor, his role as an creative person should non exist overlooked. As art historian Bennard B. Perlman argued in his monograph on the artist, Robert Henri's paintings are an example in themselves of the modify from 19th century academicism to twentieth-century self-expression in American art.

During his omnipresence at the Pennsylvania Academy of Art (PAFA) in the early 1890s, Henri'southward exposure to Thomas Eakins greatly influenced his painterly style for the rest of his career. Like to Eakins, Henri rebelled against the University's rigid program and yearned for more artist involvement in the planning of the school's annual exhibition. He often took it upon himself to better the state of the Academy'southward educational system. The ambitious, young artist lobbied and won several requests for actress studio hours and more life drawing classes. Adhering to the teachings of Eakins, Henri became a potent proponent of Realism in art.

While studying in Paris during the mid-1890s, Henri began to adopt the Impressionist style; however, he never quite abandoned certain realistic conventions, which he learned from his years equally a student in Philadelphia. In 1895, he almost completely abased the Impressionist way, referring to it as a "new academism." He adopted a somber color palette and changed the direction of his discipline matter to both urban and rural peasant life.

Henri's honesty in which he painted would attract many followers over the adjacent few years. In 1908, he organized the first and only group exhibition of "The 8," who were later termed the "Ashcan School." Although each of these artists maintained their ain, individual fashion, it was their similar interest in depicting the everyday life of poor, urban neighborhoods that ultimately united them as a schoolhouse.

Over the flow of 1900 to the early 1910s, Henri eventually abased painting landscape and cityscapes. Today, it is his portraits from this flow that are largely responsible for his reputation today. Drawing from the style of 17th century masters such as Diego Velazquez, Henri forged a portrait style all his own. While William Merritt Chase and John Vocalist Sargent outrivaled him in the American portrait genre during his time, Henri's portraits standout in the evocative sincerity in which they are painted. Henri once wrote, "The people I similar to pigment are "my people," whoever they may be, wherever they may exist, the people through whom all nobility of life is manifest, that is, who are in some way expressing themselves naturally along the lines Nature intended for them."

From the rigid Realism advocated past the Academy to the fleeting effects of light and color learned from French Impressionism, Robert Henri'southward paintings are a link between the academic earth of the 19th century to the landmark Armory Show of 1913. He never ceased to question his ain style, and he encouraged his students of the younger generations to continue to produce what they believe fine art should be. He once stated, "All I can hope to do for yous is to incite you to practice something for yourself-- to create something. What it is, I can't guess. I'm eager to see." Looking back on his ain piece of work, Henri'south paintings are in themselves a legacy of his teachings.

AWARDS & AFFILIATIONS

1914, 1929 Gold medal, Pennsylvania Academy of FIne Art
1901 First Prize, Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, NY
1904Medal, St. Louis Exposition
1909 Gold medal, Art Club of Philadelphia
1910 Medal, Buenos Aires Exposition
1915 Medal, Pan-Pacific Exposition, San Francisco, CA
1920Society of the Fine Arts, Wilmington, DE

Associate Member of the National Academy of Blueprint
Boston Art Gild
Los Angeles Modern Art Society
National Arts Club
National Establish of Arts and Messages
Social club of American Artists
Society of Independent Artists
Woodstock Art Association

COLLECTIONS

Art Institute of Chicago, IL
Butler Institute of American Fine art, OH
Brooklyn Museum of Art, NY
Cincinnati Art Museum, OH
Crocker Art Museum, Sacrameto, CA
Cummer Museum of Art
Delaware Art Museum
Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, CA
High Museum of Fine art, GA
Hunter Museum of American Art
Gilcrease Museum, OK
Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY
Milwaukee Art Museum, WI
Montclair Art Museum, NJ
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA
Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, TX
National Academy of Design, NY, NY
National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
Newark Museum, NJ
New Britain Museum of American Art, CT
Orange Canton Museum of Art, CA
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Art, PA,
Phoenix Art Museum, AZ
Philadelphia Museum of Art, PA
Ringling Museum of Art, FL
San Diego Museum of Fine art, CA
Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C.
Springfield Museum of Fine art, OH
Stark Museum of Art, TX
Walker Art Centre, MN
Whitney Museum of American Art, NY, NY

CHRONOLOGY

1865 Born Robert Henry Cozad to Theresa Gatewood and John Jackson Cozard
1882 Begetter is indicted for murder and Cozads motion to Denver and alter names. Robert Henry Cozad adopts the name Robert Earle Henri.
1883 Parents motility to Atlantic City, NJ and he is placed in a boarding school in New York
1884Completes his outset painting
1886 Enrolls at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts (PAFA)
1888 First exhibition of his works at the PAFA and travels to Paris to enroll at the Academie Julian
1891 Returns to the U.S. and lives in Philadelphia with his brother and sister-in-law
1892 Begins education at the School of Design for Women in Philadelphia
1893 Elected president of the Charcoal Social club
1894 Travels to France
1896Holds a individual art form at Moret-sur-Loing, about Paris
1897Returns to Philadelphia and holds first 1-homo show at the PAFA
1898 Accustomed into the National Academy of Blueprint Almanac exhibit and marries Linda Craige
1899 Paints La Neige which is purchased for the Musee National du Luxemborg, Paris
1900 Forms private fine art classes in Paris and returns to the U.Southward., where he begins to teach at the Veltin Schoolhouse, NY
1901 Awarded his first fine art prize at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, NY
1902 Organizes an exhibit of "The Iv" and begins teaching at the New York School of Art
1903 Elected to the Order of American Artists
1904 His painting Girl in White Waist becomes his beginning sale to a U.S. Museum
1905 Elected an associate member of the National Academy of Pattern
1906Elected an Academician of the National University of Design
1907 Announces germination of The Eight and travels to Kingdom of the netherlands with New York School of Art Course
1908The Viii bear witness opens at the PAFA and travels to the Art Found of Chicago and vii other cities
1909 Opens the Henri School of Art in the Lincoln Arcade, NY, NY and teaches there until 1912
1910Henri secretly sells the Henri School of Art to Homer Boss, while continuing to provide classroom critiques
1911Commences instruction at The Modern School of the Ferrer Lodge and is invited to bring together the Association of American Painters and Sculptors
1912 Instructs his last class at the Henri School of Art
1913 Five of Henri's paintings are included in the Armory Show of 1913 in NY, NY
1914Travels to San Diego and La Jolla, CA
1915 Begins educational activity at the Art Students League of New York
1916 Travels to Santa Fe, NM to assistance open new museum
1929 In spring, Henri is chosen as i of the top iii living American artists past the Arts Council of New York. In summer, he dies of cancer in NY.
1931 Memorial Exhibition is held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Homer, William Innes. Robert Henri and His Circle. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1969.
2. Perlman, Bernard B. ed. Revolutionaries of Realism: The Letters of John Sloan and Robert Henri. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Printing, 1997.
iii. Perlman, Bennard B. Robert Henri: His Life and Art. New York, Dover Publications, Inc., 1991.
4. Robert Henri and the Ashcan School. Savanah, GA: Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1989.
5. Robert Henri: Painter. Wilmington, DE: Delaware Fine art Museum, 1984.
vi. Robert Henri: 1865-1929.  New York, NY: Chapellier Galleries, 1976.
7. John Sloan/ Robert Henri: Their Philadelphia Years: 1886- 1904. Philadelphia, PA: Moore Higher of Art, Gallery, 1976.
eight. Robert Henri. New York, NY: Hirschl and Adler Galleries, 1958.

EXHIBITIONS

Major Solo-Exhibitions

1984Delaware Art Museum, Wilmington DE (Traveling Exhibition)

1976 Chapellier Galleries, New York, NY

1956 Museum of New MExico Art Gallery, Santa Fe, NM

1931Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

1926 Memorial Fine art Gallery, University of Rochester, NY

1919Art Establish of Chicago, IL (Traveling Exhibition)

1907McClees Gallery, Philadelphia, PA

1907 New York School of Art, NY

1902Pratt Plant, NY

1902, 1919, 1925, Macbeth Gallery, NY

1903 St. Louis, MO

1897, 1902 Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Fine art, Philadelphia, PA

Major Group-Exhibitions

1986 Center for the Arts, Vero Embankment, FL

1982Phoenix Art Museum, AZ (Traveling Exhibition)

1926 Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

1915San Diego Museum of Art, CA

1914, 1918 McDowell Club, New York, NY

1913Armory Testify, New York, NY

1911 Rome, Italy

1908 Museum of Classical Archeology of the University of Missouri, MO

1907 Worcester Art Museum, MA

1906Yard. O'Brien'south Sons Art Gallery, Chicago, IL

1905Newark Gratuitous Library Gallery, NJ

1905Lewis and Clark Exposition, Portland, OR

1904Nebraska Fine art Clan, Lincoln, NE

1904New York Schoolhouse of Fine art, NY

1903 23rd Street Galleries, NY

1901, 1905 Art Institute of Chicago, IL

1901 Cincinnati Fine art Museum, OH

1892-1929 Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Fine art, PA

1878, 1903 National Academy of Design, NY, NY

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Source: https://www.sullivangoss.com/artists/robert-henri-1865-1929

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